Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, and A. Perry. Reefs at Risk Revisited. (Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute, 2011).

World Resources Institute 2011 Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington, DC, United States World Resources Institute http://www.wri.org/reefs Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, and A. Perry. Reefs at Risk Revisited. (Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute, 2011). 2011 withheld Marine Protected Areas in Coral Reef Regions of the World MPAs_poly vector digital data Shapefile of marine protected areas (MPAs) in coral reef regions of the world, including scores of management effectiveness. Sites were scored based on surveys and expert opinion using a 3-point scale as follows: 1) Effective--site is managed sufficiently well that in situ threats are not undermining natural ecosystem function; 2) Partially effective--site is managed such that in situ threats are significantly lower than adjacent non-managed sites, but there may still be some detrimental effects on ecosystem function; and 3) Not Effective--site is unmanaged, or management is insufficient to reduce in situ threats in any meaningful way. To assess the level of protection and management for coral reefs around the world. The map of MPAs and associated management effectiveness scores were used to adjust pressure from overfishing and destructive fishing in the Reefs at Risk Revisited model (the overfishing threat was reduced one level for partially effective MPAs and two levels for effective MPAs). The definition of a coral reef MPA for the Reefs at Risk Revisited project includes all sites that overlap with coral reefs on the map (1,712 sites), but also those that are known (from a variety of sources) to contain reefs. To these we added a third category-sites considered likely to contain reefs or reef species. These are the sites with offshore or subtidal areas that occur within 20 km of a coral reef. We included these sites to avoid missing key MPAs due to mapping errors or inaccuracies. For example, we lack accurate boundary information for some MPAs, while reef maps themselves are also missing some areas of reef (notably small isolated patches or coral communities that are too small or deep to be properly mapped). The primary source for this information is the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA) polygon and point shapefiles, which provided the majority of sites. For WDPA point data, the points were buffered to the documented area of the MPA as listed in WDPA. If the documented area was blank or unknown, the MPA received a default area of 1 ha. In addition, Reef Base provided information on over 600 LMMAs for Pacific Islands and in the Phillipines. The Nature Conservancy provided data on over 100 additional sites in Indonesia, while reviewers provided about 50 additional sites. For the analysis, we differentiated the nine different management zones within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The combined areas in each zone are substantial, and each zone offers strikingly different levels of protection. The final map of sites is the most comprehensive listing ever produced for coral reef areas globally. en 2011 publication date Complete None planned -180.000000 180.000000 34.054119 -31.988191 -18843387.504634 14210036.526888 -3360374.415848 3552666.425035 MPAs. marine protected areas MPAs management management effectiveness coral reef management coral reef areas coral reef areas of the world None Data set is not for use in litigation. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable, WRI cannot assume liability for any damages or misrepresentations caused by any inaccuracies in the data, or as a result of the data used on a particular system. WRI makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. World Resources Institute mailing and physical address

10 G Street, NE Suite 800

Washington DC 20002 United States reefsatrisk@wri.org 9 am - 5 pm EST ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000 Shapefile World Resources Institute, Reefs at Risk Revisited. 2011. World Resources Institute GIS Data Manager 202-729-7653 202-729-7600 reefsatrisk@wri.org Downloadable Data and Data CD 33.236 33.236 20110624 World Resources Institute GIS Data Manager mailing and physical address Washington DC 20002

10 G Street NE Suite 800

United States 202-729-7600 reefsatrisk@wri.org FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time en 20201123 18371500 FALSE 20200616 17540100 20200616 17540100 wri_AreasMarinasProtegidas 002 Projected GCS_WGS_1984 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) WGS_1984_Cylindrical_Equal_Area <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/2.5.0'><WKT>PROJCS["WGS_1984_Cylindrical_Equal_Area",GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Cylindrical_Equal_Area"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-160.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0]]</WKT><XOrigin>-20037700</XOrigin><YOrigin>-6364000</YOrigin><XYScale>10000</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 1.0 20200616 GCS_WGS_1984 WGS_1984_Cylindrical_Equal_Area D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 coordinate pair meters 0.000000 0.000000 Esri ArcGIS 12.5.1.22081 wri_AreasMarinasProtegidas -18843387.504634 14210036.526888 3552666.425035 -3360374.415848 1 -180 180 34.054119 -31.988191 1 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata DIS_ESRI1.0 dataset 002 withheld Local Area Network 33.236 Shapefile File Geodatabase Feature Class Vector Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE WGS_1984_Cylindrical_Equal_Area 0 wri_AreasMarinasProtegidas Feature Class 0 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. SITE_ID SITE_ID String 30 Unique identifying code for each MPA. 0 0 WDPA_SITE WDPA_SITE Integer 4 Site code used in the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA). WDPA 0 0 COUNTRY COUNTRY String 50 Country where the MPA is located. 0 0 NAME_ENG NAME_ENG String 254 Name of MPA in English. 0 0 NAME_LOCAL NAME_LOCAL String 254 Name of MPA in the local language. 0 0 MPA_TYPE MPA_TYPE String 254 Type of MPA. 0 0 GIS_AREAKM GIS_AREAKM Double 8 Area of MPA (in sq km) as calculated from the shapefile in GIS. WRI 0 0 DOC_AREA DOC_AREA Double 8 Documented area of the MPA (from the original source data). 0 0 UNITS UNITS String 254 Units of the documented MPA area. 0 0 REGION REGION String 20 Region where the MPA is located. (Regions were defined for the Reefs at Risk Revisited analysis). WRI 0 0 SCORE SCORE SmallInteger 2 Management effectiveness score for the MPA. 1 = Effective, 2 = Partially Effective, 3 = Not Effective, 0 = Unrated. WRI 0 0 RATING RATING String 25 Management effectiveness score for the MPA (as text). WRI 0 0 SOURCE SOURCE String 20 Original source of the MPA data that was compiled at WRI. 0 0 Shape_Length Shape_Length Double 8 0 0 Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Shape_Area Shape_Area Double 8 0 0 Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.